These proteins must be continually replenished, raising the question of how newly made receptor molecules are shuttled to the appropriate locations within the dendrites.Ī series of compartments called the Golgi complex play an important role in processing newly-made proteins in many different types of cells. The axon terminals in turn pass the signals on to the dendrites of other neurons via junctions called synapses.įor synapses to work correctly, the membranes surrounding the dendrites need to contain receptor proteins that can detect incoming signals. The cell body processes these electrical signals and the resulting signals then travel along the axon to terminals at the far-end. Dendrites receive inputs from other neurons and relay the information to the cell body in the form of electrical signals. A typical neuron consists of a cell body covered in branches called dendrites, plus a single cable-like structure known as an axon. This is particularly important for neurons, which are the largest and most structurally complex cells in the body. Thus, in addition to their canonical role in protein recycling, REs also mediate forward secretory trafficking in neuronal dendrites and spines through a specialized GA-independent trafficking network.Īll cells must produce, sort and deliver molecular building blocks to the right places at the right time and in appropriate amounts. Surprisingly, GluA1 surface delivery occurred even when GA function was disrupted. Following ER exit, the AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 and neuroligin 1 undergo spatially restricted entry into the dendritic secretory pathway and accumulate in recycling endosomes (REs) located in dendrites and spines before reaching the plasma membrane. Here we define the dendritic trafficking itinerary for key synaptic molecules in rat cortical neurons. Thus, whether secretory cargo is locally trafficked in dendrites through a non-canonical pathway remains a fundamental question. While the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports dendritic translation, most dendrites lack the Golgi apparatus (GA), an essential organelle for conventional secretory trafficking. Neurons face the challenge of regulating the abundance, distribution and repertoire of integral membrane proteins within their immense, architecturally complex dendritic arbors.
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